Border Gateway Protocol uses a wide metric of attributes that can be tune. If we are not tuning the attributes then BGP ( Border Gateway Protocol ) behaves like a distance vector routing protocol and uses ASN in the place of hop counts. It is designed to work slowly because on internet or in a… Read More »
Subnet zero and all ones subnet are two different things buth both are co related. Subnet zero means we can use the network ID or network address ( ex. 192.168.1.0 ) as an IP address and we can configure it on our router interface. All ones subnet means we can also use the broadcast ID… Read More »
Ether-channel is used to bundle multiple links to increase the bandwidth as well redundancy. All bundled links are used as an single virtual link with total bandwidth of all physical links. Traffic distributes on individual links according the load balancing method. If a link fails then traffic will be move on adjacent link or if… Read More »
HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a cisco proprietary protocol. it is used for default gateway redundancy. It elects one router as active and one router as standby and puts all other routers in listen HSRP state. Active router is used as default gateway for hosts. It receives the ARP request from all the hosts… Read More »
VRRP (Virtual Router redundancy protocol) is an open standard default gateway redundancy protocol and it is is alternative for HSRP. It uses one router as master and all other routers are used as backup for master. A router with highest VRRP priority elects master and all other routers move in to VRRP backup state. If… Read More »