I saw few books says that OSPF neighbors will become adjacent if one or both of the neighbors are using unnumbered interfaces between them. But I observed completely opposite behavior when I checked it in lab. The adjacency will not come back up. Let’s configure R4: So It means both side should be unnumbered to… Read More »

We will use below topology: R4 has two inter-area routes to 1.1.1.1: If we want to filter the path from R2 through 192.168.34.3 we could do it in below way: But let’s say we have a task that asks us to create a new area attached to R4 as follows:- Now we need two virtual-links and… Read More »

I saw this interesting issue about the metrics of summarized routes after being redistributed into RIP. Scenario: R1—RIP—R2—OSPF—R5—5.5.5.5/32 R2 is redistributing OSPF to RIP as follows: R1 has the following route: 1-Manual Summary: The metric increased by 1. 2-Auto-summary: The metric is the same as when redistributed. Thanks for reading the blog. Recommended links:

I was always get confused about PIM DR and PIM Forwarder. So this is the time to clear up my confusion. Here we take a look at PIM Forwarder and how to verify the assert process is working. We will use below topology: We have enabled below: RIP on all interfaces ip multicast-routing on all… Read More »

We will discuss this topic using below topology. RIP is running everywhere, PIM-SM on all interfaces and everyone has R4 at 192.168.100.4 as the static RP. R1 Router has the following config on its LAN interface:- Let’s ping from R6 Router:- what gives? Let’s look at R4 Router:- Tt looks that R2 Router is showing… Read More »